KIMIYYAR SARARIN SAMANIYA 2.0
JIGILA ZUWA SARARIN SAMANIYA. Part. 03
Ibrahim Alkatibi Daurawa.
. MENENE ROCKET/ROKA 5.
TUKA ROKET. (ROCKET PROPULSION).
ABUBUWAN DA YAKAMATA A SANI.
Akwai wasu mahimman abubuwa da ya kamata mu sani don mu fahimci wannan fannin sosai, saboda shi ne mafi mahimmanci da Sarkakkiya a kimiyyar kera Roket wato 'Rocket Science'. duk da ba nufin wannan rubutun ya koyar da Tsantsar Ilimin Kimiyyar Roket ba. Wannan dole sai Mutum ya shiga Aji an koya masa wasu Mahimman Ilmuka na Kimiyya daga tushensu.
TEMPERATURE (Awon zafi ko Sanyi). Temperature yana nufin Awo Dumi ko Sanyi na Wani Jiki (Object) ko Muhalli. Amma HEAT shi ne Zafi/Dumi da jiki (Body) yake dauke da shi.
Akwai Ma'aunai na Temperature da ake amfani da su a Kimiyya har guda Uku. Sune Celsius Scale. Wato Ma'aunin Celsius yanda alamar (C). Akwai Ma'aunin Fahrenheit Scale wanda aka fi amfani da shi a Kasar Amurka yana da alamar (F). Sai kuma Ma'aunin Kelvin Scale,(K), wanda aka amfani da shi a Kimiyya.
Ruwa yana daskarewa a zero degree(0) a Ma'aunin Celsius(C). Yana kuma tafasa a 100 C degree. Haka kuma yana daskarewa a Ma'aubin Fahrenheit, 32F ya kuma tafasa a 212F.
Room Temperature. Shi ne awon da Temperature yaka daidaita da yanayin dumin Daki. Awonsa ya kama daga 20C zuwa 25C. Matsakaici shi ne 23C. A awon Celsuis. A awon Kelvin kuma 68F zuwa 77F, matsakaici shi ne 73F. Ba mu kawo sauran ba saboda takaitawa.
Atmospheric Temperture. Dumi Iska da ta kewaye Duniya. Ana fitar da wannan awon ne idan aka samu awon dumin gajimarai, Iska a matakai daban daban.
Ma'aunin Temperature shi ne Thermometer. Kuma sun kasu kashi kashi. Alcohol ko Fluid- thermometer, Resistance Thermometer da Volume- Gas Thermometer.
Idan aka ce High temperature ana nufi Awon Zafi mai yawa.Sama da abin da yake Tafasa ruwa. Idan kuma aka ce Low Temperature ana nufin Awon Sanyi kasa da abin da yake daskarar da ruwa. Dumin daki kuwa wato Room Temperature shi ne Awon Temperature madaidaici, wanda baya cutar da jikin Dan Adam.
Mun yi wannan bayanin ne saboda akwai abubuwan da halittarsu take sauyawa a wannan Matakan misali . Ruwa yana zama Kankara a zero Degree Celsius, yana zama Ruwa, Volume dinsa ya sauya a 4 degree C, ya kuma zama Tururi wato gas a 100C Celsius.
MASS. Yana nufin yawan adadin kwayoyin ' Matter' da kowane jiki ya kunsa. 'Matter' shi ne duk wani abu da yake daukan waje kuma za a iya taba shi. Mass ba yana nufin nauyi ba. Mass baya sauyawa a ko'ina Jiki ya samu kansa, shi kuwa Nauyi yana sauyawa.
Matter . ya kasu kashi Uku, Wato Iska (Gas). Sandarren (Solid) da kuma Ruwa, (Liquid).
Mass yana da mahimmanci a Kimiyyar Sararin Samaniya. Yadda jiki yake gudu a Sama yana da Alaka da Mass dinsa ne. Yawan Mass din jiki yawan Karfi (Thrust) da yake bukata ya Tura shi sama ko. Yawan adadin Mass din jiki shi ne yake sakawa ya yi a bukaci Karfi sosai wajen Tsayar da shi idan yana tafiya. Kuma shi ne yake sakawa ya fado kasa da sauri. Wato Fiskar Maganadison Duniya yana da alaka kai tsaye ne da yawa Mass da yake Jikin abu.
INERTIA. Wannan shi ne bijirewa Motsi da Jiki (body) yake idan yana tsaye yaki tafiya ko bijerewa tsayawa a lokacin da yake tafiya.
Jiki yana kin motsawa idan yana tsaye, sai an yi amfani da karfi wajen motsa shi ya fara tafiya. Haka idan yana tafiya zai bijirewa tsayawa sai an yi amfani da karfi za a yi masa birki ko tsayar da shi. Inertia yana da alaka da Mass din Jiki, Yawan Mass da jiki yake da shi yawan Karfin(Thrust) da ake bukata a tsayar da shi ko idan yana tafiya a tsayar da shi.
Weight. (Nauyi). Wannan yana nuna fisgar da Duniya take yiwa kowane Jiki ne zuwa gareta. Yana kuma sauyawa kwantankwacin nisansa da Duniya. Banbancinsa da Massa shi ne Mass baya sauyawa amma 'Weight' yana sauyawa. Idan ka yi nesa da doron Duniya Awonsa zai ragu. Idan ka kusanto Duniya zai karu. Shi ne zai fisgoka zuwa doron Duniya da gudu.
Kowacce Duniya tana fisgar duk wani jiki da yake kusa ko a bisa kanta kwatankwacin Mass din Abin da yake dosota. Duniyoyin da suke da girma sama da Shudiyar Duniya Nauyin duk abin da yake kansu ya ninka nauyin da yake da shi a Duniya. Wata da yake karami ne kusan duk abin da yake kansa bashi da nauyi. Misali za ka iya daga Buhun Siminti da dan Yatsanka saboda rashin nauyinsa.
Ma'aunin Weight, shi ne Kilogram (KG).
Density . Danna ko Karfi na dankarewar Matter a cure a waje daya. A duba rubutun da ya gabata.
Pressure. (Takurawa, Karfi a bisa wani abu, matsa). Pressure yana nufin a dora karfi akan wani abu, a kayyadadden muhalli. ' Force per Unit Area' Misali idan aka taka Mutum da Takalmin Sandal da a kafa Mutum ba zai ji zafin takawar sosai ba, amma idan aka takashi da Takalmin Mata na Coge. Tsinin Coge a bisa Kafar Mutum, zafin zai fi jin zafin takun a tsinin Cogen.
Ma'ana Karfi danna yana taruwa idan Sararin da aka danne ya karanta. Wato Pressure tana da karfi idan a karamin abu aka dorata. Misali shi ne tsinin Allura zai huda fatar jikin Mutum cikin sauki, amma tsinin Kusa zai wahala ya huda fatar Mutum. Saboda an tattare Pressure idan a dan kankanen waje a allura, amma a Kusa Pressure din ya watsu.
Ma'aunin Pressure shi ne Pascal (Pa).
VELOCITY. Wannan shi ne gudu ko Motsi da jiki (Object) yake yi a cikin lokaci da kuma wajen da ya nufa. Ma'auni ne da yake nuna gudun ko motsin Jiki daga wani waje zuwa wani waje a cikin wani a cikin wani lokaci.
Speed. Gudu ko Sauya waje da jiki yake da cikin ayyananan lokaci. A hausa ba mu ciki banbancewa a tsakanin Velocity da Speed ba. Velocity yana nufi motsin Jiki da wajen da Jiki ya nufa a cikin wani lokaci. 'Speed' kuma Gudu ne da jiki yake a cikin lokaci ba tare da lura da wajen da ya dosa ba.
ACCELARATION. Saurin Sauyin waje ko gudu a cikin wani lokaci, ya yi kama da velocity amma a Physics akwai banbanci. Accelaration shi ne wajen Motsi ko gudun da Canjin Velocity daga wani waje zuwa wani a cikin wani lokaci.
Acceralation due to Gravity, wannan shi ne gudu da Jiki yake saboda fisgar da Maganadison duniya yake masa. Ya kuma alaka da Weight.
MOMENTUM. Wannan shi ne Ma'aunin adadin Motsi da jiki yake samu a lokacin da aka hankadashi ko a tura shi. F=Ma.
Ana fitar da Lissafinsa ne idan aka ribanya Mass da kuma Accelaration. Wato Mass times accelaration. Shi ne bayar da Thrust. Ko Force din kowane Jiki da yake Motsi.
FLUID. Wannan shi ne duk wani abu da yake sauya tsarinsa idan aka saka masa karfi, wato Pressure. Abin da bashi da tsayayyen 'Shape' kuma baya jure tsayawa a 'Shape' dinsa idan aka danneshi. Kamar Ruwa (liquid) Iskar Gas.
ME YA SA ABUBUWA SUKE KONEWA.
Za mu ci gaba Insha Allah a rubutu na gaba.
Hoton Kasa na Duniya ne da aka dauka da Camera ta Musamman da yake nuna irin Kariyar da Allah ya yiwa Duniya daga Wani Tururi da yake fitowa daga Rana. Wannan Kariyar ce take hana shi sauka a Duniya. Idan babu wannan Kariyar duk wani abu mai rai zai halaka shi. Ana kiran wannan rufin da Van Allen Radiation Belt.