Ma'asuma Nigeria news update,,
-Introduction
-Definition
-Aetiology
-People at high risk
-Gametogenesis
-Incubation period
-Diagnosis
-Clinical manifestations
-Management
-Nursing management
-Medical management
Introduction
Malaria is the among the tropical diseases that occur due to the following
-Financial problem
-Lack of expert
-Lack of resources
-Lack of fercilities
Definition
Malaria is a mosquito 🦟 borne infection cause by plasmodium parasite.
Aetiology
Malaria is cause by one of the following plasmodium parasites viz
-Plasmodium falciparum
-Plasmodium vivax
-Plasmodium ovale
-Plasmodium malarie
-Plasmodium knowloce
People at risk
-Gestational mother
-Infant
-Greater than 65 years
-Co-morbidty
Gametogenesis
Male micro gametocyte + female macro gametocyte
🔻
Undergo sexual reproduction
🔻
Zygote
🔻
Ookinate
🔻
Oocyst
🔻
Heamocrol
🔻
Enter into the salivary gland of mosquito
🔻
Sporozoite-move into the liver as schizogony
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Undergo asexual reproduction
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Merozoite enter into blood stream
🔻
Attack RBC and stimulate TNF (which is responsible for symptoms of malaria)
Incubation period
Is 7-21 days but it can also determine by the following:
-Immune
-Nutritional status
-Genetic status
Blood group A,B ,AB tend to have high risk of plasmodium falciparum.
Blood group O have a little resistance against malaria falciparum.
The asexual reproduction of sporozoite depends on
- Temperature is decrease by 2-3 degree celcious
-Increase partial pressure of CO2
Clinical manifestations
-Fever
-Heache
-Nausia
-Vomitting
-General malaise
-Anemia
-Dehydration
-Oliguria
Confusion
Diagnosis
-By clinical manifestation
-Plasmodium microscopy
1. Cytoplasmic schuffna dot mainly for P.Ovale and P.Vivax
2. Band film for P.malarae
3. Small and banana for P.falcifarum
-Rapid diagnostic test (RDT)
-Quantitative film
-Anti body test (polymarese chain reaction)
Management
*Nursing Management *
-Reassurance
-Psychological care to patient or his relative
-Rehydration the patient
-Typed sponge
-Regular assessing the body temperature
-Administering the prescribed drug
-Monitoring urine output
*Medical Management *
Complicated malaria the following must be assess
-Creatine > 165mmol/L
-Increase lactate > 5mg
-HCO3 >15mmol/L
-Assess the urine output
Treatment
1st line management: IV Artesunate 2.4mg/kg at 0hrs,12hrs,24hrs.
2nd line of management :IV Quinine 20mg/kg slow in 10% Dextrose saline for 48hrs.
And some supportive antibiotics such as Doxycycline or Clindamycin.
Uncomplicated
-Artemisinin lumepantrim (A.L)
If person is over 85kg 4 tablet b.d x 5/7
- Mixed cause can be treated by A.L + primequine
- If malaria is involve CNS
Artesunate + diazapam 0.3mg/kg,
EHO Abbakar Labbo,
Public health concern,
SOURCE: ABNA24.COM
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